MariaDB数据库基于GTID主从同步复制安装配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

主从通用配置

binlog-format = mixed #二进制日志记录的模式（高版本默认开启）
binlog-checksum = CRC32 #可使主机为写入二进制日志的事件写入校验（高版本默认开启）
sync-master-info = 1 #MariaDB依靠操作系统将master.info文件刷新到磁盘。
sync_relay_log_info = 1 #MariaDB依靠操作系统将relay-log.info文件刷新到磁盘。
expire_logs_days = 7 #日志文件过期天数,默认是 0,表示不过期 
master-verify-checksum = 1 #主服务器效验
slave-sql-verify-checksum = 1 #从服务器效验

server-id = 56 #MySQL服务器ID,不重复
log-bin = mysql-bin #二进制日志（默认开启）
sync-binlog = 1 #主服务器进行设置,用于事务安全
log-bin-index = mysql-bin

server-id = 163
relay-log = relay-bin #中继日志
slave-parallel-threads = 2 #设定从服务器的SQL线程数
#replicate-do-db = renwoleblogdb#复制指定的数据库,多个写多行
replicate-ignore-db = mysql #不备份的数据库,多个写多行
relay_log_recovery = 1 #从站崩溃后可以使用,防止损坏的中继日志处理。
log-slave-updates = 1 #slave将复制事件写进自己的二进制日志
relay-log-index = relay-bin

《复制和二进制日志服务器系统变量》
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/replication-and-binary-log-server-system-variables/

关于系统变量的兼容性，可参阅官方

《MariaDB与MySQL兼容性》
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/mariadb-vs-mysql-compatibility/

# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:【输入你的MySQL密码回车】
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'renwoleuseracc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'renwoleuserpass'; //创建Slave专用备份账号
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; //刷新MySQL权限
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user; //查看授权情况
MariaDB [(none)]> flush tables with read lock; //锁定数据库防止master值变化
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; //获取master状态值
+-----------------+----------+------------+-----------------+
| File |Position |Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-----------------+----------+------------+-----------------+
| mysql-bin.000006| 627 | | |
+-----------------+----------+------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT BINLOG_GTID_POS("mysql-bin.000006", 627);
+------------------------------------------+
| BINLOG_GTID_POS('mysql-bin.000006', 627) |
+------------------------------------------+
| 0-56-4 |
+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:【输入你的MySQL密码】
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL gtid_slave_pos = "0-56-4";
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.10.10.56',MASTER_PORT = 3306,master_user='renwoleuseracc',master_password='renwoleuserpass',master_use_gtid=slave_pos; //进行主从授权
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE; //启动Slave
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
 Master_Host: 10.10.10.56
 Master_User: renwoleuseracc
 Master_Port: 3306
 Connect_Retry: 60
 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 627
 Relay_Log_File: relay.000035
 Relay_Log_Pos: 537
 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 ...
 ...
 ...
 Using_Gtid: Slave_pos
 Gtid_IO_Pos: 0-56-4

master_host 表示master授权地址
MASTER_PORT MySQL端口
master_user 表示master授权账号
master_password 表示密码
master_use_gtid GTID变量值

MariaDB [(none)]> unlock tables; //解锁数据表
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave hosts; //查看从服务器连接状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like "rpl%"; //查看客户端

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%relay%';